Terrain traps are features that increase the consequences of an avalanche. They can either increase burial depth or lead to traumatic injuries, and they include gullies, trees, and cliffs. Even in small avalanches, terrain traps can lead to deadly consequences.
Trees can both lead to traumatic injuries, behaving like clubs as those caught in an avalanche are dragged through, and increase burial depth, as debris piles around them or if a person is pushed into a tree well. They are the most common terrain trap responsible for traumatic injury and death in avalanches.
Gullies funnel the avalanche debris into deeper deposits, meaning even small avalanches can lead to deep burials. Cliffs and rocks can lead to traumatic injuries as those caught are pushed over or into them.
There are plenty of other terrain traps out there, including lakes and creeks, crevasses, and more. Those who head into avalanche terrain should only do so with the proper training and gear to do so. You can read more on terrain traps here.
